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IWM (HO 43) A general view of the damage caused to houses 107 - 111 Shobnall Street in Bur

Raid 35 - 31 Jan - 1 Feb 1916

The Raid

9 airships came in over the east coast and heading to the Midlands, although it is thought they were meant to be heading to Liverpool and Manchester
L21 – dropped bombs on Tipton, people were killed when houses were hit, a couple were killed at Lower Bradley near Bilston walking along the canal tow path.
The airship then went over to Wednesbury and Walsall where more were killed, most were killed in Walsall when a tram was hit.
L13 – Came over with L21 but split up heading over the Midlands. First bombs were dropped on the Fenton Collery outside of Stoke then on to Burton on Trent were a lot of damage was done and people killed and injured. L20 also bombed Burton and it isn’t clear which airship did what damage. After this went back out over the North Sea in Lincolnshire
L15 – Came in over Norfolk and instead of heading to the Midlands went over the fens dropping bombs in several places & killing 1 person in West Row Fen. The airship then went back up the coast to Skegness and its not clear what they were doing.
The crew were captured a couple of months after the raid and claimed they had bombed Liverpool on this raid.
L16 – dropped a couple of bombs on Swaffham causing no damage then headed home.
L14 – Came in over Holkham then headed to Grantham, was heading off but circled back to the light of the furnaces at Ashby Wolds. Carried onto Derby, dropping bombs in several places along the way. In Derby bombs were dropped on the Midland Railway Works, killing 3 and injuring 2. Further bombs were dropped on a Lamp works, the Rolls Royce Works, a gas company and a lace factory.
The crew claimed they had bombed Liverpool.
L19 – Seems to have wandered around a lot before reaching Burton on Trent, possibly attracted by the fires caused by the bombs dropped by L13. After this went down over Birmingham and the Midlands, dropped bombs on the Ocker Hill Collery in Dudley. Bombs were also dropped on Dudley Castle before dropping bombs on Tipton and Walsall.
After this the airship semes to have got lost and wandered round for some time more before making it over the North Sea. At 7.30am on 2 February the airship was spotted by the trawler King Stephen. According to the Official Report the Skipper refused to take the crew onboard as he was concerned they would over power him and his crew and use the boat to get home. Instead the trawler returned immediately to port and reported the incident. By the time a ship got back out it the airship had sunk taking the crew with it.
L17 – Came in over Sheringham and dropped bombs on Cley. Went round the coast and out over the sea at Great Yarmouth.
L11 – Was seen over the Wash then went up to South Yorkshire. Dropped a couple of bombs at Digby then went onto Scunthorpe where bombs were dropped on the Frodingham Iron and Steel Works and the Redbourne Iron Works and the workers cottages.
L20 – First dropped a bomb on Stamford then turned. Leicester and Nottingham had both enforced blackouts, Loughborough hadn’t and the Official Report believes this is why it was bombed as it stood out. Damage was done to the Empress Crane Works and bombs dropped on the railway but not much damage was done.

Victims & Damage

70 people where killed, and 113 were injured.
One of the injured was Police Constable Joseph Burrell who was on patrol by the church in Walsall when it was hit. Although he was hit by falling masonry, he only had minor injuries. However, he noticed that an incendiary had hit the hospital and a fire had started. Constable Burrell managed to put the fire out and calmed the patients down. Unfortunately, the heat from the fire had caused damage to his eyes and effected his sight, by 1924 he had completely lost his sight.
Also not included in the Official Reports but in the railway pension records is the account of Peter McDermott who was caught up in the raid. He took a couple of days off work when, the report states, he started drinking. He was told a through train was on the way but jumped down onto the tracks anyway, the newspaper report of the inquest says its believed Peter was trying to get over to the bridge. Peter was a 56 year old widower.

Summary

It was a large raid with all of the new style of airships coming over so its clear they were aiming to do a lot of damage.
The Germans reported that the raid hit the Liverpool/Manchester area and its not clear whether or not the crews thought they actually had got as far, if they just reported they had or if it was just for the publicity
This raid shows the problem with leaving towns to decided on their own blackout, it seems to be why Loughborough was bombed.

Weather – The weather was clear over the Midlands but there was fog over the East Coast. There was no moon.

Response – Given the number of airships and the time there were over there was not a great deal of response. Only 2 AA guns were fired, one in Norfolk and one near Hull.
15 planes went up from the London Flying Grounds and 1 from Castle Bromwich but none of them saw an air ship.
Of the London planes, 7 machines crashed on landing, 1 pilot was slightly wounded and 2 seriously.

Bombs – 379
Killed – 70
Injured – 113

Raid details taken from Air Raids 1916 – 31 January to 1 February 1916 Complied by the Intelligence Section, General Headquarters, Home Forces, published December 1916 (National Archive AIR/1/2123)

Header Photo - IWM (HO 43) A general view of the damage caused to houses 107 - 111 Shobnall Street in Burton-on-Trent, following a raid by Zeppelins L15, L20 and L19 on 31 January 1916.

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